Internal combustion engine



. July 14, 1931. 'r. J. PARKER ,8

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Jan. 17, 1930 5 Sheets-Sheet 1.1712/e72 for: Tho/Has J Par/rer;.

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July 14, 1931. T. J. PARKER 1,814,333

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July 14, 1931., T. J. PARKER INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Jan. 17,1930 5 Sheets-Sheet '5 P wd @Jw Patented July 14, 1931 UNITED STA res.PA-r ar l ora -ice THOMAS J. PARKER, OF crrroiaeo, IELINOIS', Assrenonor ONE-HALF To WILLIAM MGGUINEAS, or CHICAGO; II1LINOIS I mammal;GOMBUS'IEION ENGINE a plication filed January 117, 930; Serial no.421,480.

This invention relates to improvements in internal combustion. enginesThe invention. is adapted. to be embodied in radial motorsand motors inwhich parallel cylinders are arranged? in alignment.

One of. the objectsof the invention is to' produce multiple cylinder2-cycle engine in. which each cylinder lSBHGlQSQCl. to form acompression and explosion chamber at the front end of the piston and acompression chamber at the rear of the piston.

' Another object. is to provide connections between the. piston and thecrank shaftwhereby the pistonewill be relieved of sidethrust, and thepiston rod will be caused to move in an axial direction coincident withthe axis of the cylinder Another. novel feature is the universalconnection for connecting the piston rod to. thepiston. I I

Another-object is to provide in a radial engine a masterbearing forconnecting one of the piston rods to the crank shaft whereby stabilityand. smoothness of operation are assured; p e p The advantagesresulting'fromthese novel featuresof construction will more fully appearas: proceed with. my specification. I

In the drawings Fig. 1 is a transverse vertical-sectional view of aradial motor.

Fig... 2v is at longitudiI-ialv vertical section taken. on the line 2 2of Fig. 1.

Fig... 3 is a plan View of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is: an enlarged View of the connect ing rod unit detached fromthe crank shaft. Fig. 5-is-a horizontal section ot a detailv ofconstruction taken on the line5;-5- of Fig. 1 ,v looking downwardly asindicated by the arrows v Fig. 6 is a. vertical section taken at right Iangles to the View shown in Fig. 5,. the same being taken: on. the line6-6. of Fig. 5.v

Fig. 7'- is a lbngitudinal vertical sectional View, partly in elevation,showing the inven tion as embodied in an engine having the cylindersinalignment. Fig... 8 is. a plan view of the engine shown in. F"

7 -50 I. Re gn-ring, now to embodiment of the. invention shown in Figs.1 to 6 inclusive,

the crank case is indicated at 10, the same be:

ing, cast in two parts which are connected together by boltsextendingthrough the flanges 11.. The crank case is provided with four circularopenings for the cylinders whichi are radially disposed and spaced apartequidistantly circumferentially of the crank case. Each of t e cylinderscomprises a. tubular body12 closed at its outer end 13 and having acircumferential marginal flange 14 exten-ding outwardly from the marginof the body 12 to be seated on the outer surface of the crankcasesurrounding the aperture therein.

The inner end of the cylinder 12 is closed by a cup shaped. member. 15which also has acircumferential marginal flange 16 similarto=the flange14. The? flange 16. rests againstv the inner surfaceof the crank case 10opposite the flange l4. Bolts and nuts 17 ex.- tend through the flanges14 and. 16 and through the crank case wall 10 and securely". connect thecylinder 12 and cup shaped member 15 to the crank case.v

The cup shaped member 15 has a central opening surrounded by an inwardlydirected tubular flange 18 which forms a bearing for the piston rod. Theouter end of the, cylinder 12 is preferably provided. with radiatingfins. 19, and a conventional spark plug 20 extends into the cylinderthrough. the end 13. I

A hollow cylindrical piston- 21 having a. curved: front end 22 isslidablly mounted in each-cylinder 12 and closely engages thecylindrical walls of the cylinder; Piston rings 21. are provided asshown. Extending across-the interior of the piston 21 is a wrist pin 23.fixed in the cylindrical; piston walls in bearings. 24;. On the pin 23is mounted a sleeve-like member 25 carrying trunnions 2.6 which extend.from. opposite sides of the member 25; axially, at right angles tothe.pin 23'... The-member25 is preferably formed with its longitudinal wallstapering from the V take lines 43and carburetor.

The piston rod is bifurcated to form parallel, spaced apart arms 28,each apertured near its end and pivotally mounted on a trunnion 26. Theopposite end of the piston rod 27 is slightly enlarged and apertured forreceiving a pin 29 for connecting the piston rod to a connecting rod 30.Each connecting rod 30 is bifurcated as indicated at 31, to receive theend of the piston rod 27 which is held I.

by the pin 29, as stated. At itsother end,

each connecting rod 30 is pivotallyconnected to a hub 32 which isrotatablyymounted onthe bearing 33 of the crank shaft 34. This hub 32 isformed with radially extending ears 35. These ears are in pairs, theears of each pair being spaced apart to receive the end of theconnecting rod 30, held in place pin 35. There'are three pairs of ears35 spaced 90 apart on the hub 32, each to receive a connecting rod 30."The fourth connecting rod is indicated at 30 in Fig. 4

and this one is rigidly secured to or in tegral "with the hub 32. i

The .hub 32 is 'preferably made in two parts, each of which has edgeflanges 36 by which the two'parts of the hub are connected togetherafter the hub is mounted on the crank shaft as indicated at 37.

' The connections between the bearing 33 and the piston 21 are such thatthe piston is relieved of side thrust, in the operation of the engine,the piston rod moving longitudinally in a line coincident with the axisof the cylinder. The universal joint provided by the parts shown indetail in Figs. 5 and 6 insures accurate longitudinal reciprocation ofthe piston in the cylinder, the pistonrod 27 being guided in the bushing38 in the bear-' ing 18. i

It Wlll be understood'that the connecting rods 30 may be increased inlength and the crank case increased accordingly, to decrease side thruston theirbearings; the present proportions of the parts having beenselected for this drawing on account of lack of more space'to'show theassembled parts. The crank shaft 34 at one end extends outwardly fromthe crank case 10 and carries the conventional propeller indicated at39. At its opposite end the crankshaft 34 carries a timer indicated as awhole at 40. 41 indicates an oil tank and pump which is also operativelyconnected to the crank shaft.

Each of the cylinders 12 is provided with a'fuel inlet 42 incommunication through .the intake manifold 43 with a carburetor indicated as a whole at 44. 45 indicates the connection of the four in ,7Each of the intake lines 43 communicates with a cylinder 12 through theinlet port 42 to permit fuel to enter the cylinder rearwardly of thepiston when the piston is in a sufficiently forward positioninthe'cylinder to open the port 42.

Communlcation is established "between the thetop of Fig.1, when the:hambers at opposite ends of the piston in the cylinder by an intakeconduit 46 which extends from the inner end of the cylinder at the rearof the piston to the intake compression chamber 47 which is locatedforwardly of the piston when the piston is in its most rearwardposition. The exhaust port 48 is opposite the intake 47.

The operation of the radial motor is as follows f Taking for example,the cylinder 12 at piston is moved rearwardly, that is to say, towardthe cupsh'a-pe'd end:i15,'the' fuel which has entered the compressionchamber 49 through the fuel port 42 will be compressed. 'When the pis-Vton has proceeded rearwardly sufliciently-to bring the intakecompression chamber 47 into communication with the compressionexplosionchamber 50 at the forward'end of the cylinder, the compressed fuel willrush through the conduit 46, chamber 47 and into:

the'cylinder chamber 50. The return stroke of thepiston from the rear tothe forward end compresses the fuel in the chamber 50, the spark beingtimed accordingly, so that explosion takes place in the chamber 50, and

the piston is caused to move rearwardly, opening the exhaust 48 for itsintended purpose.

Referring now to the embodiment ofthe' invention shown inFigsL 7 and 8,in which the cylinders are vertically 'disposed;and in to the piston 63by the type of universal connection heretofore described, comprising theparts shown in detail in Figs. 5and 6, and the piston rod is arrangedfor movement in an axial directioncoincident with the axis .of thecylinder, b'ein' guided in bearings 62 in the bottom of the cylinder."

The piston rod 62ispivotally connected to the connecting rod 64, whichisco'nnected to the hub 64 on-cr'a-nk shaft 65 in a familiar manner. Themanifold intake66 communicates with the intake ,ports 67 of the"compression chamber 68 below or rearwardlyof the piston 63 and thecompression'cha'mber 68 communicates through conduit 69 with'thentake-compression chamber 7 0 which is, (lur ing part of the operation,in communication with the compression explosion chamber'71 at the top orforward end of the cylinder.

The exhaust 7 2' communicates'with the sev-' shaped member hereindescribed results in producing a compression chamber at one side and acompression-explosion chamber at the other side of each piston in eachcylinder, and avoids the necessity of having separate crank cases foreach cylinder. The efficiency of the engine as compared to two-cycleengines having open ended cylinders, is substantially increased.

The universal connection between the piston rod and piston and thereciprocation of the piston rod in an axial direction coincident withthe axis of the cylinder is another important feature of the invention;it relieves the piston from side thrust and reduces the wear on thepiston and cylinder to a negligible quantity.

The rigid connection between the master connecting rod 30 and the hub 32is a feature of improvement which is particularly valuable in a radialengine, whereas the other advantages herein referred to are attainedwhen the invention is embodied in either a radial or a strai ht lineengine.

The engine of the present invention is known as a multi-power engine.The power developed by my four-cylinder, two-cycle engine issubstantially in excess of that developed by an ei ht-cylinder,four-cycle engine having cylin-dhrs of equal bore and length of pistonstroke, and I attribute this efficiency and the smoothness of operationof my device to the fact that just before the compression stroke of onepiston is completely finished, the compression stroke of another pistonis commenced.

Obviously, changes in details of construction may be made Withoutdeparting from the scope of my invention, and I do not intend to belimited to the exact form of construction described, except as set forthin the appended claims.

1. A radial two-cycle internal combustion engine comprising a crankcase, a crank shaft mounted in the case, the crank case being aperturedat a plurality of places spaced equidistant-1y circumferentially of thecase, a cylinder closed atone end and flanged adj acent its open endsecured to the crank case with the flange surrounding one of saidopenings, a cup-shaped member secured to the inside of the crank case toclose the open end of the cylinder, a piston movable in the cylinder, apiston rod connected to the piston and extending through an aperture insaid cupshaped member into the crank case, and pivotal connectionsbetween the piston rod and the crank shaft.

2. A two-cycle internal combustion engine comprising a crank case, acrank shaft mounted in the case, the crank case being apertured at aplurality of places, a cylinder closed at one end and flanged adjacentits open end, secured to the crank case with the flange surrounding oneof said openings, a

cup-shaped member secured to the inside of the crank case to close theopen end of the cylinder, a piston movable in the cylinder, a piston rodconnected to the piston and extending through an aperture in saidcupshaped member into the crank case, and pivotal connections betweenthe piston rod and the crank shaft.

3. A two-cycle internal combustion engine comprising a crank case, acrank shaft mounted in the case, the crank case being apertured at aplurality of places, a cylinder closed at one end and flanged adjacentits open end, secured to the crank case with the flange surrounding oneof said openings, a cup-shaped member secured to the inside of the crankcase to close the open end of the cylinder, an auxiliary compressionchamber adjacent the cylinder and in communication with the in terior ofthe cylinder, a conduit extending from the cup-shaped member to theauxiliary compression chamber, a piston movable in the cylinder, apiston rod connected to the piston and extending through an aperture insaid cup-shaped member into the crank case, and pivotal connectionsbetween the piston rod and the crank shaft.

4. A two-cycle internal combustion engine comprising a crank case, acrank shaft mounted in the case, the crank case being apertured at aplurality of places, a cylinder closed at one end and secured adjacentits open end to the crank case, a cup-shaped member within the crankcase for closing the open end of the cylinder, a. piston movable in thecylinder, an inlet port in the cylinder wall located below the pistonwhen the latter is in its forward position, an auxiliary compressionchamber adjacent the forward end of the cylinder and communicating withthe interior of the cylinder, a conduit extending from the cup-' shapedmember to the auxiliary compression chamber, the auxiliary chamber beingin communication with the cylinder when the piston is in its rearwardposition.

5. A two-cycle internal combustion engine comprising a crank case, acrank shaft mounted in the case, a cylinder closed at one end and openat the other mounted on the crank case, the crank case having an openingregistering with the open end of the cylinder, a cupshaped membersecured to the crank case to close the open end of the cylinder, thecupshaped member being centrally apertured, a bushing surrounding theaperture, a piston movable in the cylinder, a piston rod connected tothe piston and extending through said apertured cup-shaped member intothe crank case and pivotal connections between

